Amahirwe mugice cya kabiri cyimodoka nshya zingufu
Inganda nshya zingufu zamashanyarazi zuzuye amahirwe yiterambere mumyaka mike iri imbere.Igice cya mbere cyinganda nshya zinganda zitwara ingufu ntikirarangira neza, naho igice cya kabiri kiratangiye.Inganda zumvikanyweho ni uko iterambere ry’imodoka nshya zishobora kugabanywamo igice cya mbere n’igice cya kabiri, bikarangwa n’uko inganda nshya z’imodoka z’ingufu zinjiye mu cyiciro gishya cy’iterambere.Iki cyiciro gifite ibintu bibiri byingenzi biranga, kimwe ni amashanyarazi, ikindi ni ubwenge.Ibirimo bishya byo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi nubwenge bigize ibintu byingenzi bigize igice cya kabiri cyimodoka nshya.Amavu n'amavuko nuko ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byageze ku majyambere manini.
Mugihe gito, harabura amahirwe mashya yo gushora mumodoka yose.Noneho yinjiye murwego rwo guhindura, ariko haracyari amahirwe menshi yo gutanga amasoko, muribwo agace gashya cyane ni bateri yumuriro.
Ku ruhande rumwe, imikorere ya batiri yingufu ntizakomeye, kandi haracyari amahirwe menshi yo gutera imbere.
Ku rundi ruhande, uburyo bwo guhatanira bateri nshya y’ibisekuru, nka bateri zikomeye za leta na batiri ya lithium sulfure, ntibiri kure, kandi haracyari amahirwe mashya yo kwiteza imbere kuri buri mubiri nyamukuru.Kubwibyo, birakenewe gukora akazi keza mumiterere yigihe kizaza cya bateri hanyuma tukibanda kubintu bishya byumwimerere.
Iyo igipimo cyo kwinjira mu binyabiziga bishya bitwara ingufu kirenze 30%, igice cya kabiri cyisoko cyinjiye mumasoko yose yiterambere ryiterambere, mugihe igipimo cyo kwinjira mumodoka nshya yubucuruzi yingufu zitandukanye.Kugeza ubu, kwiyongera kwa bisi mu mijyi minini yo mu gihugu byageze ahanini ku mbaraga nshya 100%.
Twabibutsa ko "imbaraga nshya" bidashoboka ko zigaragara mu modoka nshya zitwara abagenzi, ariko imbaraga nshya nka Tesla na Weixiaoli zishobora kuvuka mubijyanye n’imodoka z’ubucuruzi.Kwinjira kwizo mbaraga nshya bizagira ingaruka zifatika kumasoko yimodoka yubucuruzi.
Sisitemu yibintu byinshi bifatanya nibinyabiziga bishya byingufu, umuyoboro wamashanyarazi, ingufu zumuyaga, Photovoltaque, ingufu za hydrogène, kubika ingufu nibindi bintu bizagenda buhoro buhoro.Muri byo, ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bizakemura buhoro buhoro guhagarika no guhungabana by’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu ziterwa n’ibihe, ibihe by’ikirere ndetse n’akarere binyuze mu kwishyuza neza, guhuza imiyoboro y’ibinyabiziga (V2G), guhanahana amashanyarazi, mu gukoresha no kubika ingufu za batiri mu kiruhuko cyiza, n'ibindi. byagereranijwe ko V2G ya buri munsi hamwe no kwishyuza byoroheje ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bizagera kuri miliyari 12 kWh muri 2035.
Impinduka mugihe kizaza cyane cyane inganda zikoranabuhanga zinjiye cyangwa zigiye kwinjira, kuko zihagarariye imipaka nubwoko bushya bwibitekerezo.Mu rwego rwimodoka zitwara abagenzi, ibinyabiziga byubucuruzi nizindi modoka zuzuye, dukeneye imbaraga nshya;Murwego rwose rwo gutanga amashanyarazi, dukeneye kandi abayobozi bashya.Ubwenge busaba abinjira bashya benshi, kandi inganda zikoranabuhanga zambukiranya imipaka zishobora kuba imbaraga zambere mugice cya kabiri cyo guhindura ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu.Niba dushobora gutandukanya politiki yinganda neza kandi tukareka ingabo zambuka imipaka zikinjira neza, bizaba ingenzi mugice cya kabiri cyimodoka nshya zubushinwa.
Inganda zo hejuru zingufu zimodoka nshya zikwiye kwitabwaho.Mu bihe biri imbere, imodoka zizakurikira ingufu.Ahari ingufu nshya, hazabaho inganda nshya zimodoka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-05-2023
